Energy storage solutions can be divided into electrochemical and thermomechanical and chemical storage. A good example of mechanical solutions is Pump Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). PHES is limited to certain geographical locations, while CAES is still under development, and there is therefore need for technological advancement in mid to long-term electrical energy storage solutions. In this session EIC Pathfinder beneficiaries presents the bold projects within EIC Energy storage Portfolio, which address mid to long term electrical energy storage, using thermal, mechanical and chemical storage solutions

Questions to be adressed:

• What is the state-of-the-art of mid to long-term energy storage solutions?
• What are the innovations within EIC Energy Storage Portfolio and their scaling potential?
• Round-trip efficiencies of different technologies.

Denmark is facing the most significant landscape changes in a hundred years, affecting agricultural production areas in particular. This happens while the society and climate require a major transition from fossil fuels and materials to biogenic biomass. The session explores how the biomass-producing sectors of society, agriculture and forestry, can adapt to the changing environment.

Questions to be adressed: 

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This session will focus on the European Innovation Council portfolio of projects on Mid-term storage in particular the ones focusing on electrochemical storage. As the fraction of renewable electricity from wind and solar sources is increased this will lead to higher risks of brownouts (Dunkelflaute) during periods over days when there is no wind a solar electricity available. Current state-of-the-art technologies like Li-ion batteries are for cost reasons not suitable for mitigating this challenge. In the session projects from the EIC portfolio will be presented with focus on concepts battery storage concepts based on extremely low-cost earth abundant and non-critical raw materials.

Questions to be addressed: 

• What is the current status on electrochemical storage technologies based on low-cost, and non-critical raw materials?
• What are the challenges/requirements with respect to development of new technologies for stationary storage of electricity over days and weeks?

Questions to be adressed: 

• TBA

Few years back hailed as the swiss army knife of green transition, the hype about Power to X has cooled down significantly. Multiple challenges can be blamed for this, including regulatory and policy uncertainties, increasing cost, lack of infrastructure, technological immaturity etc. Further, competition for biogenic carbon lures in the horizon. Despite these challenges, the fundamental interest in PtX is still there, and many players are committed to overcoming the hurdles. In this session we will hear about a number of cases, where the efforts continue, with emphasis on how the many barriers are overcome, what the next applications are and perspectives for scaling.

Questions to be adressed: 

• What future developments are needed to overcome technical, commercial or political barriers: Largest “known unknowns” to focus on?
• How does the trajectory for scaling look like – where, when, how?
• Where are the main technical challenges on upscaling?
• Which supply chain barriers should we consider as most important?

Alkaline Water Eletrolyzers (AWE) are expected to play a major role in realizing the demand for green hydrogen in the coming decades given their technological maturity compared to other technologies. There is however a considerable room to increase the energy efficiency of these devices. To this end, there has been a great deal of innovation regarding the design of electrode, cell and stack in recent years. The present session aims to give an overview of the state of the art on this topic including the present industrial practice as well as the innovative ideas and the expected developments in the years to come. The scope will cover both academic low-TRL (<3) and already commercial concepts.

Questions to be adressed: 

• What is the state-of-the-art AWE design w.r.t. electrode, cell, stack?
• What are the trending innovations and their scaling potential?
• How much improvement in energy efficiency can be excepted?

Water is a foundational input to PtX , not only for a sustainable green hydrogen production, but as a central piece of Europe’s infrastructure transition. In this session, we explore water's strategic role at system level: the integration of water into circularity models, industrial symbiosis, and large-scale infrastructure planning. We examine how PtX water needs intersect with the EU Green Deal and emerging Blue Deal, including resilience planning in the face of climate-related water stress.

Questions to be addressed: 

• What risks and trade-offs emerge when integrating non-traditional water sources into energy systems, while also planning water infrastructure for PtX that supports regional water resilience and climate adaptation goals?
• How can industrial symbiosis (e.g. Kalundborg) be extended to include PtX water flows?
• What are the governance and business models needed to support circular water use across sectors?
• How can European and national funding streams (Green/Blue Deal) be aligned to support water-smart PtX development?
• What role can standardization and certification play in scaling up circular water use for PtX?

While we start to see the first capture and storage chains materialize, it is also clear that we are at the very beginning of a long journey. Meeting the targets set in national and international agreements will require an enormous and broad effort from many stakeholders. Technological development and innovation will be critical to improve the technical and economic feasibility of carbon capture and also enable targeting of new and very dilute sources of CO2 as eg. atmospheric air. In this session, we will hear from companies and researchers, who are approaching this magnificent challenge from different directions.

Questions to be adressed:  

• TBA

Molten salts offer features for modern energy technology that are not attainable from other materials. Because of their unique thermal and chemical properties, they find applications in heat transfer and storage, in molten salt nuclear reactors and for metallurgical processing including the recovery of critical materials. In this session we will discuss the potential of molten salts in PtX applications and address the following critical questions. 

Questions to be adressed: 

1. Chemical Stability & Corrosion 

• What are the long-term corrosion mechanisms at high temperatures?

• Can we develop corrosion-resistant materials for pipes, pumps, and reactor walls? 

2. Thermophysical Properties 

• What are the precise physico-chemical properties of different salt mixtures and how can be optimize them? 

• How do these properties change over time or under radiation exposure? 

3. Salt Chemistry & Purity 

• How does impurity buildup affect salt performance over time? 

• How can we monitor salt composition in real time during operation? 

4. Fuel Cycle (for Molten Salt Reactors) 

• How can we handle online fuel reprocessing and fission product removal? 

• What are the best strategies for managing radioactive waste from salt reactors? 

5. System Design & Engineering 

• What kind of maintenance and safety protocols are needed for large-scale deployment? 

• Can we scale-up lab prototypes to commercial-scale systems? 

6. Safety and Environmental Concerns 

• How do molten salts behave during accident scenarios (e.g., overheating, loss of coolant)? 

• What’s the long-term environmental impact of different salt chemistries? 

7. Modeling and Simulation 

• Can we accurately model the thermodynamics and fluid dynamics of molten salts? 

• What tools are best suited for simulating multi-physics behavior in salt-based systems? 

This session dives into the technical frontier of water treatment and purification for PtX. Researchers and industry experts will present cutting-edge solutions for producing ultra-pure water from low-grade sources such as wastewater and surface water. From membrane technologies and PFAS removal to hydrothermal liquefaction and industrial treat-ment systems, we explore what it takes to meet stringent water quality demands for electrolyzers — and how to do so sustainably. The session offers hands-on insight into technological trade-offs, inte-gration challenges, and scaling opportunities. A must for engineers, scientists, and developers seek-ing practical answers in PtX water purification.

Questions to be adressed: 

• What industrial-scale solutions are needed to treat and recycle water for hydrogen production?
• What are the challenges in reusing wastewater effluents in a closed-loop setup, and how can they be solved?
• What open research challenges remain for next-generation water technologies tailored to PtX?
• How can membrane technologies be adapted to efficiently remove PFAS, heavy metals, and salts in PtX applications?
• How can membrane distillation be integrated directly with electrolyzers to enable decentralized ultra-pure water production?
• What are the energy and emissions trade-offs in advanced purification technologies for PtX?
• How can water treatment systems be digitally monitored and controlled to ensure purity and performance?